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Color
Last updated 6/5/2015
Lab
The CIE Lab color model is based on the human perception of color. It is one of several color models produced by the
Commission Internationale d’Eclairage (CIE), an organization dedicated to creating standards for all aspects of light.
The numeric values in Lab describe all the colors that a person with normal vision sees. Because Lab describes how a
color looks rather than how much of a particular colorant is needed for a device (such as a monitor, desktop printer, or
digital camera) to produce colors, Lab is considered to be a device-independent color model. Color management
systems use Lab as a color reference to predictably transform a color from one color space to another color space.
In Illustrator, you can use the Lab model to create, display, and output spot color swatches. However, you cannot create
documents in Lab mode.
More Help topics
Display and output spot colors using Lab values
Grayscale
Grayscale uses tints of black to represent an object. Every grayscale object has a brightness value ranging from 0%
(white) to 100% (black). Images produced using black-and-white or grayscale scanners are typically displayed in
grayscale.
Grayscale also lets you convert color artwork to high-quality black-and-white artwork. In this case, Adobe Illustrator
discards all color information in the original artwork; the gray levels (shades) of the converted objects represent the
luminosity of the original objects.
When you convert grayscale objects to RGB, the color values for each object are assigned that object’s previous gray
value. You can also convert a grayscale object to a CMYK object.
More Help topics
Convert color to grayscale and vice versa
Color spaces and gamuts
A color space is a range of colors in the visible spectrum. A color space can also be a variant of a color model. Adobe
RGB, Apple RGB, and sRGB are examples of different color spaces based on the same color model.
A Visual gamut B RGB color space C CMYK color space
- Legal notices 2
- Contents 3
- Chapter 1: What's new 7
- Adobe Stock 8
- 10x faster zoom, pan, scroll 8
- Recover data in your files 9
- Last updated 6/5/2015 10
- GPU Performance 11
- Touch workspace enhancements 11
- Tool enhancements 12
- Other important enhancements 12
- Chapter 2: Workspace 13
- Hide or show all panels 14
- Display panel options 14
- Search For Help box 15
- About screen modes 15
- Using the status bar 15
- ❖ Do any of the following: 16
- Customizing the workspace 17
- Dock and undock panels 18
- Move panels 19
- Add and remove panels 19
- Manipulate panel groups 19
- Stack floating panels 20
- Resize panels 20
- Use panel menus 21
- Save and switch workspaces 22
- Tools panel overview 23
- View hidden tools 24
- View tool options 24
- Move the Tools panel 24
- Select a tool 25
- Change tool pointers 25
- Tool galleries 26
- Type tool gallery 28
- Painting tool gallery 29
- Reshaping tool gallery 30
- Symbolism tool gallery 33
- Graph tool gallery 33
- Improved User Interface 35
- Safe Mode 38
- Using Safe Mode 39
- Configurable preferences 43
- Important considerations 43
- Touch Workspace 44
- Switching between workspaces 45
- Tool bar 46
- Control panel 47
- Document bar 47
- Artboard overview 48
- Printing and saving artboards 49
- Use rulers 50
- Use the grid 51
- Use guides 51
- Smart Guides 52
- Smart Guide preferences 53
- Custom Tools Panels 54
- Viewing artwork 56
- About print tiling 57
- Zoom in or out 57
- Change the view area 57
- Navigator panel overview 58
- View artwork as outlines 58
- Create a new window 59
- Create a new view 59
- Rename or delete a view 59
- Switch between views 59
- Setting preferences 60
- About plug-in modules 61
- Using multiple artboards 62
- Artboards panel 63
- Create an artboard 64
- Delete an artboard 64
- Select and view artboards 64
- Edit artboards 65
- Move an artboard 65
- Reorder artboards 65
- Rearrange artboards 65
- Customize artboard names 66
- 9-point referencing 66
- Undo and redo changes 67
- Working with ConnectNow 68
- Files and templates 68
- About new document profiles 69
- Create new documents 70
- About templates 71
- Create a new template 71
- Open a file 72
- Import and Export Settings 73
- File Info dialog 74
- Chapter 3: Drawing 76
- About paths 77
- Drawing modes 80
- Drawing with the Pen tool 81
- Draw curves with the Pen tool 82
- Finish drawing a path 83
- Drawing with the Pencil tool 85
- Drawing flares 87
- Create a flare 88
- Create a default flare 88
- Draw a flare 88
- Draw rectangles and squares 89
- Draw ellipses 90
- Draw polygons 91
- Draw stars 91
- Draw arcs 91
- Draw spirals 91
- Draw grids 92
- Editing paths 93
- Smooth and simplify paths 94
- Simplify paths 95
- Erase artwork 97
- Eraser tool options 98
- Split a path 99
- Viewing the pixel grid 101
- Adjust path segments 102
- Move straight segments 103
- Delete a segment 104
- Extend an open path 104
- Connect two open paths 104
- Join two endpoints 104
- Join two or more paths 105
- Pen tool rubberband preview 106
- Curvature Tool 106
- Using Image Trace 107
- Tracing options 108
- Enhanced Pencil Tool 109
- Anchor Point enhancements 111
- About symbols 114
- Symbols panel overview 115
- Symbol registration point 116
- Place or create a symbol 116
- Add sublayers for symbols 117
- Use 9-slice scaling 117
- Work with symbol instances 118
- Expand a symbol instance 119
- Reset transformations 119
- Edit or redefine a symbol 120
- Symbol libraries 120
- About symbol sets 121
- Create symbol sets 122
- Resize symbol instances 123
- Rotate symbol instances 123
- Stain symbol instances 123
- 2 Do one of the following: 124
- Perspective drawing 125
- Define grid presets 126
- Move the perspective grid 128
- Attach objects to perspective 132
- Transforming objects 133
- Automatic plane positioning 135
- Move plane to match object 138
- Scale objects in perspective 138
- About Perspective Grid 139
- Trace artwork 141
- More Help topics 143
- Use a tracing preset 144
- Release a tracing object 145
- Overview 145
- Chapter 4: Color 147
- Grayscale 150
- Color spaces and gamuts 150
- About spot and process colors 151
- About spot colors 151
- About process colors 152
- Selecting colors 153
- Display the Color Picker 154
- Display only web-safe colors 154
- Color panel overview 155
- Using and creating swatches 156
- Use swatch libraries 158
- Add all document colors 159
- Create color swatches 160
- Manage swatches 161
- Color groups (harmonies) 162
- Color Guide panel overview 163
- Create color groups 166
- Save changes to a color group 169
- Assign colors to your artwork 173
- Reduce colors in your artwork 176
- About Kuler 178
- View and use themes 178
- Color Themes panel 179
- Adjusting colors 180
- Blend colors 181
- Change the tint of a color 182
- Invert multiple colors 182
- Convert colors to grayscale 183
- Mix overlapping colors 184
- Chapter 5: Painting 186
- About fills and strokes 187
- Fill and Stroke controls 188
- Blob Brush tool guidelines 189
- Create merged paths 190
- Blob Brush tool options 190
- Using the Width tool 192
- About the Width tool 192
- Width tool controls 193
- Saving width profiles 194
- Live Paint groups 195
- Live Paint limitations 196
- Create Live Paint groups 197
- Select faces and edges 198
- Modify Live Paint groups 199
- ❖ Do one of the following: 200
- Live Paint Bucket options 201
- Set Live Paint gap options 202
- About brushes 203
- Brushes panel overview 204
- Work with brush libraries 204
- Apply brush strokes 205
- Paintbrush tool options 205
- Remove brush strokes 206
- Create or modify brushes 206
- Brush options 207
- Scatter brush options 208
- Art brush options 209
- Segmented art brush 210
- Pattern brush options 211
- Bristle brush 212
- Using the Bristle brush 213
- • 0 = 100 214
- • 1 = 10% 214
- • 9 = 90 214
- About transparency 215
- Transparency panel overview 216
- View transparency in artwork 216
- Change the opacity of artwork 216
- Create an opacity mask 218
- About blending modes 221
- Gradients 223
- Patterns 225
- Create pattern swatches 226
- Modify patterns 230
- Create mesh objects 231
- Edit mesh objects 232
- Stroke an object 233
- Create dotted or dashed lines 235
- Add arrowheads 236
- Customize arrowheads 236
- Create and edit patterns 237
- Apply or edit a gradient 238
- Create an elliptical gradient 239
- Painting 240
- Selecting objects 242
- Isolate artwork for editing 243
- Isolate a path inside a group 244
- Isolate a layer or sublayer 244
- Select behind objects 245
- Select filled objects 247
- Repeat or invert a selection 250
- Group or ungroup objects 251
- Expand objects 251
- Move objects 252
- Move an object by dragging 253
- Move multiple objects at once 254
- Align and distribute objects 255
- Rotate objects 257
- Reflect or flip objects 259
- Reflect by specifying an axis 260
- About layers 261
- Layers panel overview 261
- Create a layer 263
- Consolidate layers and groups 264
- Duplicating objects 266
- Stacking objects 268
- Chapter 7: Reshaping objects 270
- Scale objects 272
- Scale multiple objects 273
- Shear objects 274
- Distort objects 275
- Reshape using envelopes 276
- About envelopes 277
- Reset an envelope 278
- Remove an envelope 278
- Envelope options 278
- Combining objects 279
- Pathfinder options 280
- Apply Pathfinder effects 281
- Summary of Pathfinder effects 281
- Compound shapes 282
- Work with compound shapes 283
- Create a compound shape 283
- Modify a compound shape 283
- Compound paths 284
- Cutting and dividing objects 286
- Clipping masks 287
- About clipping masks 288
- Edit a clipping mask 289
- About the Shape Builder Tool 290
- Reshaping objects 293
- Working with Live Corners 296
- The Corners dialog 297
- Change the corner style 298
- Considerations 298
- Blending objects 299
- Create blends 300
- Blend options 301
- 1 Select the blended object 302
- Pen Tool 303
- Convert Anchor Point Tool 303
- Direct Selection Tool 304
- Creating 3D objects 305
- Create 3D objects 306
- Set options 307
- Extrude & Bevel options 308
- Revolve options 309
- Surface shading options 309
- Lighting options 310
- Add a custom bevel path 311
- Map artwork to a 3D object 312
- OS-supported Gestures 315
- Importing artwork files 318
- Links panel overview 319
- Work with the Links panel 320
- Update modified links 320
- Embed a linked file 321
- Importing bitmap images 322
- Importing Adobe PDF files 323
- Adobe PDF placement options 324
- Importing EPS files 325
- Importing DCS files 326
- Importing AutoCAD files 326
- Photoshop import options 327
- Saving artwork 328
- About saving artwork 329
- Save in Illustrator format 329
- Save in EPS format 330
- Save in SVG format 331
- Package files 334
- Unembed images 336
- Share on Behance 336
- Upload new artwork to Behance 337
- Creating Adobe PDF files 340
- Create Adobe PDF files 341
- Adobe PDF presets 342
- Customize PDF presets 344
- Load PDF presets 344
- Adobe PDF options 345
- General options for PDF 346
- Adding security to PDF files 350
- Security options 350
- Exporting artwork 351
- AutoCAD export options 353
- Flash export options 353
- JPEG export options 356
- Photoshop export options 356
- PNG export options 357
- File information and metadata 358
- Extract CSS 360
- Style to the clipboard E 361
- Sample CSS Code 362
- Links information 364
- Chapter 9: Type 368
- Export text to a text file 369
- Tag text for export to Flash 369
- Creating text 370
- Enter text at a point 371
- Enter text in an area 371
- Manage the text area 372
- Wrap text around an object 376
- Wrap text 377
- Set wrap options 377
- Unwrap text from an object 377
- Creating type on a path 378
- Scaling and rotating type 382
- Check spelling 383
- Edit the spelling dictionary 383
- Assign languages to text 384
- About Unicode 384
- About fonts 385
- OpenType fonts 385
- Previewing fonts 386
- Specify a typeface size 386
- Find and replace fonts 386
- Work with missing fonts 387
- The enhanced Find Font dialog 387
- Substituted fonts preference 390
- Text enhancements 391
- Working with Typekit Fonts 391
- Filtering Typekit fonts 392
- Arabic and Hebrew type 393
- Text direction 394
- Digit Types 394
- Legacy font support 395
- Default fonts 395
- Automatic Kashida insertion 395
- Ligatures 396
- Hyphenation 397
- Find and replace 398
- Diacritical marks 398
- Line and character spacing 399
- Shift the baseline 400
- Kern and track 400
- Adjust kerning 401
- Adjust tracking 401
- Tabs panel overview 402
- Set tabs 402
- Repeat tabs 403
- Move tabs 403
- Special characters 404
- Glyphs panel overview 405
- OpenType panel overview 406
- Formatting Asian characters 407
- Display Asian type options 408
- Use tate-chu-yoko 409
- Use warichu 411
- Use mojikumi 412
- Create a mojikumi set 413
- Work with mojikumi sets 413
- Use kinsoku 414
- Specify a burasagari option 415
- Use kurikaeshi moji shori 415
- Formatting type 416
- Find and replace text 417
- Character panel overview 418
- Apply all caps and small caps 419
- Change capitalization styles 420
- Convert type to outlines 422
- Use smart punctuation 423
- Formatting paragraphs 424
- Align text 425
- Justify text 425
- Indent text 426
- Adjust paragraph spacing 427
- Hanging punctuation 427
- Hyphenation and line breaks 428
- Prevent words from breaking 429
- Composition methods 429
- Update selected legacy text 431
- Remove style overrides 432
- Creating composite fonts 433
- Delete a composite font 435
- Export a composite font 436
- Appearance attributes 438
- Edit an attribute 439
- Manage appearance attributes 440
- Creating special effects 442
- Working with effects 443
- About raster effects 444
- Rasterization options 444
- Summary of effects 446
- Artistic effects 448
- Blur effects 448
- Brush Strokes effects 449
- Pixelate effects 450
- Sharpen effect 450
- Sketch effects 450
- Texture effects 451
- Video effects 451
- Create a drop shadow 452
- Creating sketches and mosaics 453
- Create a mosaic 454
- Graphic styles 455
- Create graphic styles 456
- Apply a graphic style 457
- Use graphic style libraries 457
- Work with graphic styles 458
- Chapter 11: Web graphics 460
- About pixel preview mode 461
- • Color Mode: RGB 462
- • Raster Resolution: 72 ppi 462
- Slices and image maps 463
- Create slices 464
- Select slices 465
- Set slice options 465
- Lock slices 466
- Adjust slice boundaries 466
- Remove slices 466
- Show or hide slices 467
- Create image maps 467
- About SVG 467
- Apply SVG effects 468
- SVG events 469
- Creating animations 470
- Create Flash animations 471
- Web graphics 472
- Chapter 12: Printing 474
- Print dialog box options 475
- Print multiple artboards 476
- Scale a document for printing 477
- Printing color separations 479
- Preview color separations 480
- Print color separations 480
- Color separation modes 481
- Printer’s marks and bleeds 482
- Add printer’s marks 483
- About bleeds 483
- Add a bleed 483
- PostScript printing 484
- Printing long, complex paths 485
- About flattening 488
- Printing 489
- Highlight (preview) options 490
- Overprinting 500
- Trapping 501
- Create a trap 502
- Trap options 503
- Create a spread or choke 504
- Trap a line 504
- Print presets 505
- Apply print presets 506
- Edit print presets 506
- Delete print presets 506
- Delete crop marks 507
- Use Japanese-style crop marks 508
- Chapter 13: Automating tasks 509
- Play an action on a file 510
- Record an action 510
- Insert a path 511
- Insert selection of an object 511
- Insert a stop 512
- Specify playback speed 513
- Edit and rerecord actions 513
- Manage action sets 514
- Organize action sets 515
- Automation with scripts 516
- Install a script 517
- Variables panel overview 517
- Create variables 518
- Edit variables 518
- Delete variables 519
- Edit dynamic objects 519
- Data sets 520
- About variable libraries 520
- Chapter 14: Graphs 522
- Creating a new chart 523
- Replacing chart artwork 524
- Editing chart artwork 525
- Modifying chart layout 526
- Editing chart data 528
- Creating graphs 529
- Adjust the width of columns 530
- Enter graph data 530
- Enter labels 531
- Formatting graphs 533
- General graph options 535
- Add drop shadows 535
- Format pie graphs 535
- Pie graph options 536
- Combine different graph types 536
- Select parts of a graph 537
- Format the text in a graph 537
- About graph designs 537
- Create a column design 538
- Add totals to a column design 539
- Create a marker design 540
- Reuse a graph design 541
- Customize keyboard shortcuts 542
- Default keyboard shortcuts 543
- Keys for viewing artwork 544
- Keys for drawing 545
- Keys for selecting 547
- Keys for moving selections 548
- Keys for editing shapes 548
- Keys for painting objects 549
- Keys for transforming objects 550
- Keys for working with type 551
- Keys for using panels 552
- Keys for the Actions panel 552
- Keys for the Brushes panel 553
- Keys for the Color panel 553
- Keys for the Gradient panel 553
- Keys for the Layers panel 554
- Keys for the Swatches panel 554
- Keys for the Transform panel 555
- Function keys 555
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